Which of the following complications is commonly associated with a cervical spine injury?

Respiratory failure is a commonly associated complication with cervical spine injuries, particularly those that occur at the C1 to C4 vertebral levels. Injuries at these levels can affect the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm, leading to an inability to breathe adequately or at all. This is critical as patients can develop respiratory distress or complete respiratory failure requiring immediate medical intervention, including mechanical ventilation.

While memory loss, visual impairment, and loss of hearing can occur with various neurological injuries or conditions, they are not typically direct complications stemming from cervical spine injuries. Memory loss could occur due to a broader brain injury rather than a direct consequence of a specific cervical spine injury. Visual and hearing impairments are related to different pathways and structures that do not primarily involve the cervical spine, making respiratory failure the most relevant and immediate complication in this context.